MTF Evolving Weighted Composite Value Area🧾 Description:
This indicator calculates evolving value areas across 3 different timeframes/periods and combines them into one composite, multi-timeframe evolving value area - with each of the underlying timeframes' VAs assigned their own weighting/importance in the final calculation. Layered with extra smoothing options, this creates an informative and useful 'rolling value area' effect that can give you a better perspective on the value area across multiple periods at once as it develops - without total calculation resets at the onset of every new period.
Let's start with a simplified primer on value areas and then jump in to the new ideas this indicator introduces.
🤔 What is a value area?
Value areas are a tool used in market profile analysis to determine the range of prices that represents where most trading activity occurred during a specific time period, typically within a single 'bar' of a certain higher timeframe, such as the 4-hour, daily, or weekly. It helps traders understand the levels where the market finds value.
To calculate the value area, we look at the distribution of prices and trading volume. We determine a percentage, usually 70% or 80%, that represents the significant portion of trading volume. Then, we identify the price range that contains this percentage of trading volume, which becomes the value area.
Value areas are useful because they provide insights into market dynamics and potential support and resistance levels. They show where traders have been most active and where they find value, and traders can use this information to make better-informed decisions.
For example, if price is trading within the value area, it suggests that it's within a range where traders see value and are actively participating, which could indicate a balanced market. If the price moves above or below the value area, it may signal a potential shift in market sentiment or a breakout/breakdown from the established range.
By understanding the value area, traders can identify potential areas of supply and demand, determine levels of interest for buyers and sellers, and make decisions based on the market's perception of value.
📑 Limitations of traditional value areas
Static representation: Value areas are usually represented as static zones calculated after the fact. For example, after a daily period is completed, a typical 1D VA indicator will display the value area for the past period with static horizontal lines. This approach doesn't give you the power to see how the value area evolved, or developed, during the time period, as it is only displayed retroactively. It also doesn't give you the ability to view it as it evolves in real-time. This is why we chose to use an evolving value area representation, specifically borrowed from @sourcey's Value Area POC/VAH/VAL script function for calculating evolving VAs.
Rollover resets - no memory of past periods!: The traditional value area is calculated over a static period - it is calculated from the beginning of the period, for example a 1 day period, to the end, and that's the end of it. When the next daily period begins, the calculation resets, and has no memory of the preceding period. This limits the usefulness of the value area visual when viewed near the beginning of a new period before price and volume have been given ample time to define an area.
Hard to absorb all of that information: Value areas aren't generally meant to be a hardline representation of something extremely exact - they're based on a percentage of the area where traders appeared to find value over a certain time period. Most traders use them as a guide for support and resistance levels or finding an expected range. Traders typically overlay multiple VAs - sometimes requiring several instances of the same indicator to be applied - to represent the VA across multiple timeframes such as the 4H, 1D, or 1W. The chart quickly gets cluttered and it's not necessarily easy to understand the relationship between these multiple periods' VAs at a glance.
🧪 New concepts introduced in this indicator
With the evolving weighted composite value area we tried to address these limitations, and we think the result can be useful and intuitive for traders who want more dynamic and practical VAs for their everyday technical analysis.
⚖️ 1. A composite, weighted multi-timeframe VA
This indicator's value areas represent a combination or composite of the value areas calculated across multiple timeframes. The VAs calculated across each timeframe are then given a weighting percentage, which determines their contribution to the final 'weighted composite value area'.
Pictured below: a 4H/1D/1W MTF evolving weighted composite VA on the BTCUSDT Perpetual Futures (Binance) 5 minute chart:
Traditionally, when traders wanted to get a view of where the majority of trading activity occurred over the past four hours, day, and week, they would need to apply three value area indicators (or sometimes one if it allows multiple custom timeframes), each set to a different period (4H, 1D, 1W). The chart gets cluttered quickly and the information is hard to absorb in one shot. Addressing this problem was the main impetus for creating this weighted composite process.
〰️ 2. Rolling and smoothed evolving VAs
Because the composite VA is calculated based on multiple period VAs, there is no one single point where the area calculation resets (unless all 3 selected timeframes happen to rollover on the same bar). This creates a 'rolling' effect that gives a sense of the progression of the VA as price transitions through the different underlying time periods, without the traditional 'jump' in calculations between periods.
Pictured below: a 1D/1W/1M MTF evolving weighted composite VA on the NQ futures 1H chart:
To help give even more of a sense of perspective and 'progression' of the VA, there are also smoothing options to even out the 'jumps' at period-rollover points.
✔️ What's it good for?
Smoothed, rolling, and evolving multi-timeframe VAs that give you a better real-time perspective of where traders are finding value across multiple time periods at once.
📎 References
1. @sourcey's Value Area POC/VAH/VAL script by adapting its f_poc(tf) function.
💠 Features:
A MTF evolving weighted composite value area based on 3 underlying VAs calculated across customizable timeframes
Aesthetic and flexible coloring and color theme styling options
Period-roller labels and options for ease-of-use and legibility
⚙️ Settings:
Calculation Decimal Resolution: This setting essentially determines how 'granular' the value area calculating process is. This value should be set to some multiple of the tick size/smallest decimal of the symbol's price chart. Eg. On BTCUSDT, the tick size/decimal is usually 0.1. So, you might use 0.5. On TSLA, the tick size is 0.01. You might use 0.05 or 0.25. Beware: if the resolution is too small, calculation will take too long and the script may timeout.
Show Me Suggested Resolutions: If enabled, a label will display in the bottom right of the chart with some suggested resolutions for the current chart.
Area Percentage: Set the displayed percentage of the calculated composite value area. Igor method = 70%; Daniel method: 68%.
Use a Color Theme: When this setting is enabled, all manual 'Bullish and Bearish Colors' are overridden. All plots will use the colors from your selected Color Theme - excepting those plots set to use the 'Single Color' coloring method.
Color Theme: When 'Use a Color Theme' is enabled, this setting allows you to select the color theme you wish to use.
Resistance Color: When 'Use a Color Theme' is disabled, this will set the 'resistance color' for the composite VA.
Support Color: When 'Use a Color Theme' is disabled, this will set the 'support color' for the composite VA.
Show Period Rollover Labels: When enabled, a label will show above or below the composite VA marking any underlying period rollovers with the label 'New __' (eg. 'New 4H', 'New 1D', 'New 1W').
Size: Sets the font size of the period rollover labels.
Show Period Rollover Lines: When enabled, a translucent vertical dashed line will be drawn across the composite VA when one of the underlying periods rolls over.
Fill Composite Value Area: When enabled, the composite VA will be filled with a gradient coloring from the support line to the resistance line using their respective colors.
Smooth: When enabled, a smoothing moving average will be applied to the composite value area.
Smoothing Period: Set the lookback period for the smoothing average.
Smoothing Type: Set the calculation type for the smoothing average. Options include: Exponential, Simple, Weighted, Volume-Weighted, and Hull.
Enable: Include/exclude a timeframe's VA in the composite VA calculation.
Timeframe: Set the timeframe for this specific underlying VA.
Weighting %: Set the weighting percentage or 'importance' of this timeframe's value area in calculating the composite VA. Beware! The sum of the weighting percentages across all enabled timeframes must ALWAYS add up to 100 in order for this indicator to work as designed.
Pesquisar nos scripts por "supply and demand"
Open Interest Profile [Fixed Range] - By LeviathanThis script generates an aggregated Open Interest profile for any user-selected range and provides several other features and tools, such as OI Delta Profile, Positive Delta Levels, OI Heatmap, Range Levels, OIWAP, POC and much more.
The indicator will help you find levels of interest based on where other market participants are opening and closing their positions. This provides a deeper insight into market activity and serves as a foundation for various different trading strategies (trapped traders, supply and demand, support and resistance, liquidity gaps, imbalances,liquidation levels, etc). Additionally, this indicator can be used in conjunction with other tools such as Volume Profile.
Open Interest (OI) is a key metric in derivatives markets that refers to the total number of unsettled or open contracts. A contract is a mutual agreement between two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price. Each contract consists of a long side and a short side, with one party consenting to buy (long) and the other agreeing to sell (short). The party holding the long position will profit from an increase in the asset's price, while the one holding the short position will profit from the price decline. Every long position opened requires a corresponding short position by another market participant, and vice versa. Although there might be an imbalance in the number of accounts or traders holding long and short contracts, the net value of positions held on each side remains balanced at a 1:1 ratio. For instance, an Open Interest of 100 BTC implies that there are currently 100 BTC worth of longs and 100 BTC worth of shorts open in the market. There might be more traders on one side holding smaller positions, and fewer on the other side with larger positions, but the net value of positions on both sides is equivalent - 100 BTC in longs and 100 BTC in shorts (1:1). Consider a scenario where a trader decides to open a long position for 1 BTC at a price of $30k. For this long order to be executed, a counterparty must take the opposite side of the contract by placing a short order for 1 BTC at the same price of $30k. When both long and short orders are matched and executed, the Open Interest increases by 1 BTC, indicating the introduction of this new contract to the market.
The meaning of fluctuations in Open Interest:
- OI Increase - signifies new positions entering the market (both longs and shorts).
- OI Decrease - indicates positions exiting the market (both longs and shorts).
- OI Flat - represents no change in open positions due to low activity or a large number of contract transfers (contracts changing hands instead of being closed).
Typically, we monitor Open Interest in the form of its running value, either on a chart or through OI Delta histograms that depict the net change in OI for each price bar. This indicator enhances Open Interest analysis by illustrating the distribution of changes in OI on the price axis rather than the time axis (akin to Volume Profiles). While Volume Profile displays the volume that occurred at a given price level, the Open Interest Profile offers insight into where traders were opening and closing their positions.
How to use the indicator?
1. Add the script to your chart
2. A prompt will appear, asking you to select the “Start Time” (start of the range) and the “End Time” (end of the range) by clicking anywhere on your chart.
3. Within a few seconds, a profile will be generated. If you wish to alter the selected range, you can drag the "Start Time" and "End Time" markers accordingly.
4. Enjoy the script and feel free to explore all the settings.
To learn more about each input in indicator settings, please read the provided tooltips. These can be accessed by hovering over or clicking on the ( i ) symbol next to the input.
The Flash-Strategy (Momentum-RSI, EMA-crossover, ATR)The Flash-Strategy (Momentum-RSI, EMA-crossover, ATR)
Are you tired of manually analyzing charts and trying to find profitable trading opportunities? Look no further! Our algorithmic trading strategy, "Flash," is here to simplify your trading process and maximize your profits.
Flash is an advanced trading algorithm that combines three powerful indicators to generate highly selective and accurate trading signals. The Momentum-RSI, Super-Trend Analysis and EMA-Strategy indicators are used to identify the strength and direction of the underlying trend.
The Momentum-RSI signals the strength of the trend and only generates trading signals in confirmed upward or downward trends. The Super-Trend Analysis confirms the trend direction and generates signals when the price breaks through the super-trend line. The EMA-Strategy is used as a qualifier for the generation of trading signals, where buy signals are generated when the EMA crosses relevant trend lines.
Flash is highly selective, as it only generates trading signals when all three indicators align. This ensures that only the highest probability trades are taken, resulting in maximum profits.
Our trading strategy also comes with two profit management options. Option 1 uses the so-called supertrend-indicator which uses the dynamic ATR as a key input, while option 2 applies pre-defined, fixed SL and TP levels.
The settings for each indicator can be customized, allowing you to adjust the length, limit value, factor, and source value to suit your preferences. You can also set the time period in which you want to run the backtest and how many dollar trades you want to open in each position for fully automated trading.
Choose your preferred trade direction and stop-loss/take-profit settings, and let Flash do the rest. Say goodbye to manual chart analysis and hello to consistent profits with Flash. Try it now!
General Comments
This Flash Strategy has been developed in cooperation between Baby_whale_to_moon and JS-TechTrading. Cudos to Baby_whale_to_moon for doing a great job in transforming sophisticated trading ideas into pine scripts.
Detailed Description
The “Flash” script considers the following indicators for the generation of trading signals:
1. Momentum-RSI
2. ‘Super-Trend’-Analysis
3. EMA-Strategy
1. Momentum-RSI
• This indicator signals the strength of the underlying upward- or downward-trend.
• The signal range of this indicator is from 0 to 100. Values > 60 indicate a confirmed upward- or downward-trend.
• The strategy will only generate trading signals in case the stock (or any other financial security) is in a confirmed upward- (long entry signals) or downward-trend (short entry signals).
• This indicator provides information with regards to the strength of the underlying trend and it does not give any insight with regard to the direction of the trend. Therefore, this strategy also considers other indicators which provide technical confirmation with regards to the direction of the underlying trend.
Graph 1 shows this concept:
• The Momentum-RSI indicator gives lower readings during consolidation phases and no trading signals are generated during these periods.
Example (graph 2):
2. Super-Trend Analysis
• The red line in the graph below represents the so-called super-trend-line. Trading signals are only generated in case the price action breaks through this super-trend-line indicating a new confirmed upward-trend (or downward-trend, respectively).
• If that happens, the super trend-line changes its color from red to green, giving confirmation that the trend changed from bearish to bullish and long-entries can be considered.
• The vice-versa approach can be considered for short entries.
Graph 3 explains this concept:
3. Exponential Moving Average / EMA-Strategy
The functionality of this EMA-element of the strategy has been programmed as follows:
• The exponential moving average and two other trend lines are being used as qualifiers for the generation of trading-signals.
• Buy-signals for long-entries are only considered in case the EMA (yellow line in the graph below) crosses the red line.
• Sell-signals for short-entries are only considered in case the EMA (yellow line in the graph below) crosses the green line.
An example is shown in graph 4 below:
We use this indicator to determine the new trend direction that may occur by using the data of the price's past movement.
4. Bringing it all together
This section describes in detail, how this strategy combines the Momentum-RSI, the super-trend analysis and the EMA-strategy.
The strategy only generates trading-signals in case all of the following conditions and qualifiers are being met:
1. Momentum-RSI is higher than the set value of this strategy. The standard and recommended value is 60 (graph 5):
2. The super-trend analysis needs to indicate a confirmed upward-trend (for long-entry signals) or a confirmed downward-trend (for short-entry signals), respectively.
3. The EMA-strategy needs to indicate that the stock or financial security is in a confirmed upward-trend (long-entries) or downward-trend (short-entries), respectively.
The strategy will only generate trading signals if all three qualifiers are being met. This makes this strategy highly selective and is the key secret for its success.
Example for Long-Entry (graph 6):
When these conditions are met, our Long position is opened.
Example for Short-Entry (graph 7):
Trade Management Options (graph 8)
Option 1
In this dynamic version, the so-called supertrend-indicator is being used for the trade exit management. This supertrend-indicator is a sophisticated and optimized methodology which uses the dynamic ATR as one of its key input parameters.
The following settings of the supertrend-indicator can be changed and optimized (graph 9):
The dynamic SL/TP-lines of the supertrend-indicator are shown in the charts. The ATR-length and the supertrend-factor result in a multiplier value which can be used to fine-tune and optimize this strategy based on the financial security, timeframe and overall market environment.
Option 2 (graph 10):
Option 2 applies pre-defined, fixed SL and TP levels which will appear as straight horizontal lines in the chart.
Settings options (graph 11):
The following settings can be changed for the three elements of this strategy:
1. (Length Mom-Rsi): Length of our Mom-RSI indicator.
2. Mom-RSI Limit Val: the higher this number, the more momentum of the underlying trend is required before the strategy will start creating trading signals.
3. The length and factor values of the super trend indicator can be adjusted:ATR Length SuperTrend and Factor Super Trend
4. You can set the source value used by the ema trend indicator to determine the ema line: Source Ema Ind
5. You can set the EMA length and the percentage value to follow the price: Length Ema Ind and Percent Ema Ind
6. The backtesting period can be adjusted: Start and End time of BackTest
7. Dollar cost per position: this is relevant for 100% fully automated trading.
8. Trade direction can be adjusted: LONG, SHORT or BOTH
9. As we explained above, we can determine our stop-loss and take-profit levels dynamically or statically. (Version 1 or Version 2 )
Display options on the charts graph 12):
1. Show horizontal lines for the Stop-Loss and Take-profit levels on the charts.
2. Display relevant Trend Lines, including color setting options for the supertrend functionality. In the example below, green lines indicate a confirmed uptrend, red lines indicate a confirmed downtrend.
Other comments
• This indicator has been optimized to be applied for 1 hour-charts. However, the underlying principles of this strategy are supply and demand in the financial markets and the strategy can be applied to all timeframes. Daytraders can use the 1min- or 5min charts, swing-traders can use the daily charts.
• This strategy has been designed to identify the most promising, highest probability entries and trades for each stock or other financial security.
• The combination of the qualifiers results in a highly selective strategy which only considers the most promising swing-trading entries. As a result, you will normally only find a low number of trades for each stock or other financial security per year in case you apply this strategy for the daily charts. Shorter timeframes will result in a higher number of trades / year.
• Consequently, traders need to apply this strategy for a full watchlist rather than just one financial security.
[Pt] Periodic Volume ProfileThis script is an attempt to recreate the Periodic Volume Profile that is built-in by TradingView, with slightly different features. Related blog: www.tradingview.com
This script is based on another script "Volume Profile, Pivot Anchored" by @dgtrd
*Note that only limited number Volume Profile can be displayed on the chart due to limitations on displaying boxes and lines.
Description
This Periodic Volume Profile (PVP) indicator allows trades to view volume profiles for periods longer than the current timeframe. The indicator builds one general volume profile for each new period, set by the user through the “Periodic Timeframe” input parameter.
This script also has the option to extend Point of Control (POC) lines with optional end conditions: Until Bar Touch, Until Last Bar, Until Bar Cross, or None, which extends to the right.
Signals are generated for Naked POC touches and crosses by a triangle symbol and a cross symbol, by default.
Alerts are available for POC touches and crosses.
What is Volume Profile?
Volume profile is a technical analysis tool that shows the volume of trades at different prices for a given security or market over a specific period of time.
Volume profile can be used to identify key levels of support and resistance, as well as to assess the overall supply and demand for a security. For example, if there is a high volume of trades at a particular price level, this may indicate that there is a significant level of support or resistance at that price. On the other hand, if there is relatively low volume at a particular price, this may indicate that there is not much interest in trading at that level.
Traders can use volume profile to identify trends, make trading decisions, and set stop-loss and take-profit orders. It can also be useful for identifying patterns such as "pockets of liquidity," which are areas where there is a high volume of trades but relatively little price movement.
It is important to note that volume profile should be used in conjunction with other technical analysis tools and should not be relied upon in isolation. It is also important to consider the overall context and market conditions when interpreting volume profile data.
Key Difference with TradingView's PVP indicator - TradingView's PVP intraday period does not align with standard intraday timeframes as it is determined by # of bars. This script provides volume profiles that aligns with higher timeframe periods.
Enjoy~!
BTMM OFJ FOR BEST RESULTS PLEASE SWITCH TO LINE CHART OR DISABLE THE CHART CANDLES. BELOW IS A LINE WITH OPACITY TURNED DOWN TO 15%
ASIA, LONDON, AND NEW YORK SESSIONS CAN BE CUSTOMIZED (1ST 3 HRS DEFAULT)
VOLUME CANDLES CAN BE APPLIED WITH SUPPLY AND DEMAND OR MARKET MAKER METHOD. IN A STRONG TREND YOU WANT TO SEE REPEATED HIGH VOLUME CLUSTERS IN THE DIRECTION OFTHE TREND AND FADING LOW VOLUME ON THE RETRACE
BASICK KEY LEVELS WEEKLY INITIAL BALANCE (MONDAY+TUESDAY HIGHEST HIGH AND LOWEST LOW) YESTERDAY AND LASY WKHI/LO
QUICK APPLICATON
Magnifying Glass (LTF Candles) by SiddWolf█ OVERVIEW
This indicator displays The Lower TimeFrame Candles in current chart, Like Zooming in on the Candle to see it's Lower TimeFrame Structure. It plots intrabar OHLC data inside a Label along with the volume structure of LTF candle in an eloquent format.
█ QUICK GUIDE
Just apply it to the chart, Hover the mouse on the Label and ta-da you have a Lower Timeframe OHLC candles on your screen. Move the indicator to the top and shrink it all the way up, because all the useful data is inside the label.
Inside the label: The OHLC ltf candles are pretty straightforward. Volume strength of ltf candles is shown at bottom and Volume Profile on the left. Read the Details below for more information.
In the settings, you will find the option to change the UI and can play around with Lower TimeFrame Settings.
█ DETAILS
First of all, I would like to thank the @TradingView team for providing the function to get access to the lower timeframe data. It is because of them that this magical indicator came into existence.
Magnifying Glass indicator displays a Candle's Lower TimeFrame data in Higher timeframe chart. It displays the LTF candles inside a label. It also shows the Volume structure of the lower timeframe candles. Range percentage shown at the bottom is the percentage change between high and low of the current timeframe candle. LTF candle's timeframe is also shown at the bottom on the label.
This indicator is gonna be most useful to the price action traders, which is like every profitable trader.
How this indicator works:
I didn't find any better way to display ltf candles other than labels. Labels are not build for such a complex behaviour, it's a workaround to display this important information.
It gets the lower timeframe information of the candle and uses emojis to display information. The area that is shown, is the range of the current timeframe candle. Range is a difference between high and low of the candle. Range percentage is also shown at the bottom in the label.
I've divided the range area into 20 parts because there are limitation to display data in the labels. Then the code checks out, in what area does the ltf candle body or wick lies, then displays the information using emojis.
The code uses matrix elements for each block and relies heavily on string manipulation. But what I've found most difficult, is managing to fit everything correctly and beautifully so that the view doesn't break.
Volume Structure:
Strength of the Lower TimeFrame Candles is shown at the bottom inside the label. The Higher Volume is shown with the dark shade color and Lower Volume is shown with the light shade. The volume of candles are also ranked, with 1 being the highest volume, so you can see which candle have the maximum to minimum volume. This is pretty important to make a price action analysis of the lower timeframe candles.
Inside the label on the left side you will see the volume profile. As the volume on the bottom shows the strength of each ltf candles, Volume profile on the left shows strength in a particular zone. The Darker the color, the higher the volume in the zone. The Highest volume on the left represents Point of Control (Volume Profile POC) of the candle.
Lower TimeFrame Settings:
There is a limitation for the lowest timeframe you can show for a chart, because there is only so much data you can fit inside a label. A label can show upto 20 blocks of emojis (candle blocks) per row. Magnifying Glass utilizes this behaviour of labels. 16 blocks are used to display ltf candles, 1 for volume profile and two for Open and Close Highlighter.
So for any chart timeframe, ltf candles can be 16th part of htf candle. So 4 hours chart can show as low as 15 minutes of ltf data. I didn't provide the open settings for changing the lower timeframe, as it would give errors in a lot of ways. You can change the timeframe for each chart time from the settings provided.
Limitations:
Like I mentioned earlier, this indicator is a workaround to display ltf candles inside a label. This indicator does not work well on smaller screens. So if you are not able to see the label, zoom out on your browser a bit. Move the indicator to either top or bottom of all indicators and shrink it's space because all details are inside the label.
█ How I use MAGNIFYING GLASS:
This indicator provides you an edge, on top of your existing trading strategy. How you use Magnifying Glass is entirely dependent on your strategy.
I use this indicator to get a broad picture, before getting into a trade. For example I see a Doji or Engulfing or any other famous candlestick pattern on important levels, I hover the mouse on Magnifying Glass, to look for the price action the ltf candles have been through, to make that pattern. I also use it with my "Wick Pressure" indicator, to check price action at wick zones. Whenever I see price touching important supply and demand zones, I check last few candles to read chart like a beautiful price action story.
Also volume is pretty important too. This is what makes Magnifying Glass even better than actual lower timeframe candles. The increasing volume along with up/down trend price shows upward/downward momentum. The sudden burst (peak) in the volume suggests volume climax.
Volume profile on the left can be interpreted as the strength/weakness zones inside a candle. The low volume in a price zone suggests weakness and High volume suggests strength. The Highest volume on the left act as POC for that candle.
Before making any trade, I read the structure of last three or four candles to get the complete price action picture.
█ Conclusion
Magnifying Glass is a well crafted indicator that can be used to track lower timeframe price action. This indicator gives you an edge with the Multi Timeframe Analysis, which I believe is the most important aspect of profitable trading.
~ @SiddWolf
MTF High and Low FractionsMTF High and Low Fractions
Description
An experimental script that prints 1/3, 1/4 and 1/8 levels of the previous timeframe's high and low to the current timeframe. The idea is quite simple. It mirrors the the previous high and low with user selected levels. The default setting is the previous daily high and low but can be customized on user discretion.
New levels are printed after the close of the previous timeframe and open of the new timeframe (user's timeframe setting).
How To Use
Levels should not be used blindly. Levels can be used as confluence when aligned with high probability supply and demand zones, support, resistance, order blocks, and so on.
Money Flow LineWhat is this? The Money Flow Line (MFL) indicator is at its core a more even-tempered version of the Price-Volume-Trend (PVT). The primary difference is the usage of `hlc3` ((high + low + close) / 3) rather than `close` to use the "typical price" that it critical to the calculation of the Money Flow Index (MFI). Other similar indicators include the Accumulation Distribution Line (ADL) and the On Balance Volume (OBV) indicators. The purpose of all of these indicators is to attempt to measure the strength of the money flow by combining price and volume into a rolling measurement that can be compared over time to look for confirmations and divergences.
The indicator also includes an optional averaging (smoothing) line that can be enabled in the display settings. Enabling this smoothing line with a desired period allows for simpler trend comparisons and also allows the user to view how far the line has diverged from the mean. This creates an indicator very similar to Elder's Force Index (EFI), which is also a `close * volume` style indicator.
Why is this important? After an extreme movement or volume spike the MFI will "snap back" sharply as that bar eventually exits the set period. This produces a result that is meaningless and skews the indicator away from the market structure. Because of this behavior, range clamping, and the loss of comparative history I prefer to shy away from oscillator style indicators. The Money Flow Line instead gives you all of the history so you may compare and see the broader trend without sharp snaps in history based on an arbitrary period setting.
Why is this better? This produces a no-lag indicator that isn't subject to the harsh skewing produced by they Money Flow Index's period calculation. It doesn't lose history like MFI or EFI, is clear about the trend direction, and prefers a "typical price" (averaging the entire range of each bar) rather than whatever happens to be the closing price for a given bar.
How can I use it? The indicator is attempting to measure supply and demand in the markets. No indicator is perfect, but we can use all of the information we have available to make our best predictions. There are only 3 pieces of data the market gives us:
1. Price (action)
2. Volume
3. Time
The Money Flow Line combines all of these data points into a readable rolling data set that attempts to show subtle balance of power shifts based on changes in volume and "smart money" (or "big money") stepping in and out of the picture. Much like PVT, we look for the same things:
- Trend Identification: an up or down trend appears in the MFL
- Confirmations: the MFL agrees with price action in direction and magnitude
- Divergence: the MFL disagrees with price action, indicating a reversal may be coming soon
When applying the smoothing line we can also look for similar things we would with EFI. The primary case would be to look for the MFL to jump very far away from the mean (a high magnitude movement) which indicates that price may be reverting towards the mean soon (a "mean reversion"). On the other hand, it may indicate strength in the current price direction. All of these predictions depend heavily on price action and market structure. Good luck!
Leg/Base & GAP CandlesThis script, redraws the Minute, Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly candles for gap up and gap down situation. Also this candle marks the LEG candles and BASE Candles with different colors to mark the supply and demand zone.
This script is only for Indian NSE markets (09:15 to 15:30) for GAP up/GAP down redraw.
This script is most beneficial for TradeLegend students.
This script is originally made by me, and no code has been modified or copied from anywhere else except Pinescript documentation.
Fractal Break Imbalance / Fair Value Gap (FVG) / Liquidity VoidFractal Break Imbalance / Fair Value Gap (FVG) / Liquidity Void
Order imbalances in either direction, either excess buy or sell orders, reduce liquidity. The market will seek to fill gaps sooner or later. The script marks an imbalance / FVG after a fractal break. It also marks any other imbalance.
Default Colours:
Green - Imbalance after fractal break to the upside
Red - Imbalance after fractal break to the downside
Yellow - Other imbalances
How To Use:
Gaps can be used to determine possible entries and targets. Those familiar with liquidity raids, supply and demand, and ICT concepts may realise it's potential.
Indicator in use:
NSE Bank Nifty - Arms Index (TRIN)
NSE Bank Nifty – Arms Index TRIN).
How it works?
By default, it considers all the constituents of Bank Nifty for calculation on TRIN
Input configuration parameters:
1. Advance/Decline Formula:
a. Based on same day open and close price
b. Based on todays close compared to previous day close
2. Plots:
a. TRIN
b. Simple moving average of TRIN
c. Advance/Decline Price line
d. Advance/Decline Volume line
About Arms Index (TRIN)
The Arms Index , also called the Short-Term Trading Index (TRIN) is a technical analysis indicator that compares the number of advancing and declining stocks (AD Ratio) to advancing and declining volume (AD volume ). It is used to gauge market sentiment. Richard W. Arms, Jr. invented it in 1967, and it measures the relationship between market supply and demand . It serves as a predictor of future price movements in the market, primarily on an intraday basis. It does this by generating overbought and oversold levels, which indicate when the index (and the majority of stocks in it) will change direction.
• If AD Volume creates a higher ratio than the AD Ratio, TRIN will be below one.
• If AD Volume has a lower ratio than AD Ratio, TRIN will be above one.
• A TRIN reading below one typically accompanies a strong price advance, since the strong volume in the rising stocks helps fuel the rally.
• A TRIN reading above one typically accompanies a strong price decline, since the strong volume in the decliners helps fuel the selloff.
• The Arms Index moves opposite the price trajectory of the Index. As discussed above, a strong price rally will see TRIN move to lower levels. A falling index will see TRIN push higher.
The Formula for Arms Index (TRIN) is:
Stock Ratio = Advancing stocks / Declining Stocks
Volume Ratio = Volume of Advancing stocks / Volume Declining Stocks
TRIN = Stock Ratio / Volume Ratio
What Does the Arms Index (TRIN) Tell You?
The Arms index seeks to provide a more dynamic explanation of overall movements in the composite value of stock exchanges, by analyzing the strength and breadth of these movements.
Neutral State: An index value of 1.0 indicates that the ratio of AD Volume is equal to the AD Ratio. The market is said to be in a neutral state when the index equals 1.0, since the up volume is evenly distributed over the advancing issues and the down volume is evenly distributed over the declining issues.
Bullish State: Many analysts believe that the Arms Index provides a bullish signal when it's less than 1.0, since there's greater volume in the average up stock than the average down stock.
Bearish State: On the other hand, a reading of greater than 1.0 is typically seen as a bearish signal, since there's greater volume in the average down stock than the average up stock.
The farther away from 1.00 the Arms Index value is, the greater the contrast between buying and selling on that day. A value that exceeds 3.00 indicates an oversold market and that bearish sentiment is too dramatic. This could mean an upward reversal in prices/index is coming.
Conversely, a TRIN value that dips below 0.50 may indicate an overbought market and that bullish sentiment is overheating.
Traders look not only at the value of the indicator but also at how it changes throughout the day. They look for extremes in the index value for signs that the market may soon change directions.
Limitations of Using the Arms Index (TRIN)
Here are two examples of instances where problems may occur:
• Suppose that a very bullish day occurs where there are twice as many advancing issues as declining issues and twice as much advancing volume as declining volume . Despite the very bullish trading, the Arms Index would yield only a neutral value of (2/1)/(2/1) = 1.0, suggesting that the index's reading may not be entirely accurate.
• Suppose that another bullish scenario occurs where there are three times as many advancing issues as declining issues and twice as much advancing volume than declining volume . In this case, the Arms Index would actually yield a bearish (3/1)/(2/1) = 1.5 reading, again suggesting an inaccuracy.
Source: www.investopedia.com
MTF previous high and low quarter levelsDescription
An experimental script that prints quarter levels of the previous timeframe's high and low to the current timeframe. The idea is quite simple and is basically the Fibonacci pivoted on the previous high and low with quarter level settings (0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1 etc). The default setting is the previous daily high and low but can be customized on user discretion.
New quarter levels are printed after the close of the previous timeframe and open of the new timeframe (user's timeframe setting)
How To Use
Levels should not be used blindly. Levels can be used as confluence when aligned with high probability supply and demand zones, support, resistance, order blocks, and so on.
Credit to @HeWhoMustNotBeNamed for the Previous High/Low MTF indicator code and @mrbirman for the idea to put this together.
Rate Of Change and rsi zonesHi,
I played with the ROC ( Rate of change ) indicator.
First of all I made it smooth. And came up with decent buy sell signals for long-term potential trades. It can be useful for DCA and profit booking in market tops ( before potential crash)
Recommended time frame = 1 Daily , 3 Daily , Weekly.
Usage :
1. Look for Buy and sell arrow signals. But don't jump straight away. Specially for sell. You might sell early. Instead you can move up your stop loss when you see a sell signal or profit book partially.
if you wait and combine with your own supply and demand zones you can get some nice sell price.
2. Better to wait and look for a divergence in price and ROC. As price will slow down it will reflect on the ROC line. Which means market is exhausted and potentially a correction might happen.
3. You can draw trendline one the ROC and look for breakout. ( warning won't always work )
4. You can also see the RSI in thick red/green color. It will help you determine oversold and overbought zones. Trick is don't sell when it's oversold ( red thick line) . Because it might be a start of a strong uptrend.
So better is to wait and see when the signal is printing then execute.
Best strategy is to DCA and sell in parts whenever you see such signals.
I believe it will visually help us that when to be bull and when to be bear.
Anyway if you find it useful let me know in the comment.
Also if you have some idea to improve the code you can contribute as well.
Thanks . Feedbacks are welcome.
BlockBlock indicator is based on breakdown.
When a candle closes above previous highest high or below previous lowest low a block is made.
When a candle closes below previous highest high or above previous lowest low the block continues and just high and low are updated.
This indicator is very useful for supply and demand strategy.
Have much profit with this indicator.
Trend Type Indicator by BobRivera990Usage:
The purpose of this indicator is to programmatically determine the type of price trend using technical analysis tools.
You can do a quick check on the asset’s higher and lower time frames. For example, if you are trading on an H1 chart, you can check the m5 chart to ensure that the trend is in the same direction and similarly check the H4 chart to ensure that the higher time frame price is also moving in the same direction.
If multiple time frame charts confirm a similar trend, then it is considered a very strong trend and ideal for Trend trading.
Remarks:
By default, the last status is related to 8 periods before the latest closing price.
Related definitions:
The three basic types of trends are up, down, and sideways.
1. Uptrend
An uptrend describes the price movement of a financial asset when the overall direction is upward. The uptrend is composed of higher swing lows and higher swing highs.
Some market participants ("long" trend traders) only choose to trade during uptrends.
2. Downtrend
A downtrend refers to the price action of a security that moves lower in price as it fluctuates over time.
The downtrend is composed of lower swing lows and lower swing highs.
3. Sideways
A sideways trend is the horizontal price movement that occurs when the forces of supply and demand are nearly equal. This typically occurs during a period of consolidation before the price continues a prior trend or reverses into a new trend.
How it works:
Step 1: Sideways Trend Detection
In this step we want to distinguish the sideways trend from uptrend and downtrend. For this purpose, we use two common technical analysis tools: ATR and ADX
1. Average True Range (ATR)
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator that measures market volatility.
We also use a 20-period moving average of the ATR.
When the ATR is below the average of its last 20-periods, it means that the rate of price volatility has decreased and we conclude that the current trend is sideways
2. Average Directional Index (ADX)
The average directional index (ADX) is a technical analysis indicator used by some traders to determine the strength of a trend.
The trend has strength when ADX is above 25.
So when the ADX is less than or equal to 25, there is no strong trend, and we conclude that the current type of trend is sideways.
Step 2: Detect uptrend from downtrend
If it turns out that the current price trend is not sideways, then it is either uptrend or downtrend.
For this purpose, we use plus and minus directional Indicators (+ DI & -DI).
A general interpretation would be that during a strong trend, when +DI is higher than -DI, it is an uptrend. When -DI is higher than +DI, it is a downtrend.
Parameters:
"Use ATR …" ________________________// Use Average True Range (ATR) to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR Length"_______________________ // length of the Average True Range (ATR) used to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR Moving Average Type" ___________// Type of the moving average of the ATR used to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR MA Length" ____________________// length of the moving average of the ATR used to detect Sideways Movements
"Use ADX ..."_______________________ // Use Average Directional Index (ADX) to detect Sideways Movements
"ADX Smoothing”____________________// length of the Average Directional Index (ADX) used to detect Sideways Movements
"DI Length"_________________________// length of the Plus and Minus Directional Indicators (+DI & -DI) used to determine the direction of the trend
"ADX Limit" ________________________// A level of ADX used as the boundary between Trend Market and Sideways Market
"Smoothing Factor"__________________// Factor used for smoothing the oscillator
"Lag"______________________________// lag used to match indicator and chart
Resources:
www.investopedia.com
25 Percent LevelsThis script materialises an observation from one of my mentors whereby if you take an all-time high and all-time low and mark off the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile levels you will see some levels of supply and demand being respected.
Ichimoku Kinkō HyōThe Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is an trading system developed by the late Goichi Hosoda (pen name "Ichimokusanjin") when he was the general manager of the business conditions department of Miyako Shinbun, the predecessor of the Tokyo Shimbun. Currently, it is a registered trademark of Economic Fluctuation Research Institute Co., Ltd., which is run by the bereaved family of Hosoda as a private research institute.
The Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is composed of time theory, price range theory (target price theory) and wave movement theory. Ichimoku means "At One Glace". The equilibrium table is famous for its span, but the first in the equilibrium table is the time relationship.
In the theory of time, the change date is the day after the number of periods classified into the basic numerical value such as 9, 17, 26, etc., the equal numerical value that takes the number of periods of the past wave motion, and the habit numerical value that appears for each issue is there. The market is based on the idea that the buying and selling equilibrium will move in the wrong direction. Another feature is that time is emphasized in order to estimate when changes will occur.
In the price range theory, there are E・V・N・NT calculated values and multiple values of 4 to 8E as target values. In addition, in order to determine the momentum and direction of the market, we will consider other price ranges and ying and yang numbers.
If the calculated value is realized on the change date calculated by each numerical value, the market price is likely to reverse.
転換線 (Tenkansen) (Conversion Line) = (highest price in the past 9 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2
基準線 (Kijunsen) (Base Line) = (highest price in the past 26 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2
It represents Support/Resistance for 16 bars. It is a 50% Fibonacci Retracement. The Kijun sen is knows as the "container" of the trend. It is prefect to use as an initial stop and/or trailing stop.
先行スパン1 (Senkou span 1) (Lagging Span 1) = {(conversion value + reference value) ÷ 2} 25 periods ahead (26 periods ahead including the current day, that is)
先行スパン2 (Senkou span 2) (Lagging Span 2) = {(highest price in the past 52 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2} 25 periods ahead (26 periods ahead including the current day, that is)
遅行スパン (Chikou span) (Lagging Span) = (current candle closing price) plotted 26 periods before (that is, including the current day) 25 periods ago
It is the only Ichimoku indicator that uses the closing price. It is used for momentum of the trend.
The area surrounded by the two lagging span lines is called a cloud. This is the foundation of the system. It determines the sentiment (Bull/Bear) for the insrument. If price is above the cloud, the instrument is bullish. If price is below the cloud, the instrument is bearish.
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The wave theory of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo has the following waves.
All about the rising market. If it is the falling market, the opposite is true.
I wave rise one market price.
V wave the market price that raises and lowers.
N wave the market price for raising, lowering, and raising.
P wave the high price depreciates and the low price rises with the passage of time. Leave either.
Y wave the high price rises and the low price falls with the passage of time. Leave either.
S wave A market in which the lowered market rebounds and rises at the previous high level.
There are the above 6 types but the basis of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is the N wave of 3 waves.
In Elliott wave theory and similar theories, basically there are 5 waves but 5 waves are a series of 2 and 3 waves N, 3 for 7 waves, 4 for 9 waves and so on.
Even if it keep continuing, it will be based on N wave. In addition, since the P wave and the Y wave are separated from each other, they can be seen as N waves from a large perspective.
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There are basic E・V・N・NT calculated values and several other calculation methods for the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo. It is the only calculated value that gives a concrete value in the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo, which is difficult to understand, but since we focus only on the price difference and do not consider the supply and demand, it is forbidden to stick to the calculated value alone.
(The calculation method of the following five calculated values is based on the rising market price, which is raised from the low price A to the high price B and lowered from the high price B to the low price C. Therefore, the low price C is higher than the low price A)
E calculated value The amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B is added to the high price B. = B + (BA)
V calculated value Adds the amount of decline from the high price B to the low price C to the high price B. = B + (BC)
N calculated value The amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B is added to the low price C. = C + (BA)
NT calculated value Adds the amount of increase from the low price A to the low price C to the low price C. = C + (CA)
4E calculated value (four-layer double / quadruple value) Adds three times the amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B to the high price B. = B + 3 × (BA)
Calculated value of P wave The upper price is devalued and the lower price is rounded up, and the price range of both is the same.
Calculated value of Y wave The upper price is rounded up and the lower price is rounded down, and the price range of both is the same.
Polarized Fractal EfficiencyPolarized Fractal Efficiency
Description:
Technically, Polarized Fractal Efficiency (PFE) is a measure of market choppiness. It is an indicator derived from fractal geometry, the mathematics that describes chaotic systems.
This technical indicator was developed by Hans Hannula to determine price efficiency over a user-defined period. This indicator fluctuates between -100 and +100, with 0 as the centerline. Securities with a PFE greater than zero are deemed to be trending up, while a reading of less than zero indicates the trend is down. Polarized Fractal Efficiency's signature characteristic is its use of fractal geometry in determining how efficiently a security's price is moving.
This script uses a customized version of PFE formula and generates a long entry signal when the Polarized Fractional Efficiency (PFE) value crosses over a signal line, and/or generates a short entry signal when the PFE value crosses under a signal line.
The Polarized Fractional Efficiency indicator can be used to determine price efficiency over a user-defined time period. Assets with a PFE greater than zero are deemed to be trending up, while a reading of less than zero indicates the trend is down. The strengh of the trend is measured by the position of the PFE relative to the zero line.
As a general rule, the further the PFE value is away from zero, the stronger and more efficient the given trend is. A PFE value that fluctuates around the zero line could indicate that the supply and demand for the security are in balance and price may trade sideways.
Price Action - Support & Resistance by DGTSᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ , is undoubtedly one of the key concepts of technical analysis
█ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ Dᴇꜰɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ
Support and Resistance terms are used by traders to refer to price levels on charts that tend to act as barriers, preventing the price of an financial instrument from getting pushed in a certain direction.
A support level is a price level where buyers are more aggressive than sellers. This means that the price is more likely to "bounce" off this level rather than break through it. However, once the price has breached this level it is likely to continue falling until meeting another support level.
A resistance level is the opposite of a support level. It is where the price tends to find resistance as it rises. Again, this means that the price is more likely to "bounce" off this level rather than break through it. However, once the price has breached this level it is likely to continue rising until meeting another resistance level.
A previous support level will sometimes become a resistance level when the price attempts to move back up, and conversely, a resistance level will become a support level as the price temporarily falls back.
█ Iᴅᴇɴᴛɪꜰʏɪɴɢ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ
Support and resistance can come in various forms, and the concept is more difficult to master than it first appears. Identification of key support and resistance levels is an essential ingredient to successful technical analysis.
If the price stalls and reverses in the same price area on minimum of two different occasions, then a horizontal line is drawn to show that the market is struggling to move past that area. Those areas are static barriers, one of the most popular forms of support/resistance and are highlighted with horizontal lines.
Repeated test , the more often a support/resistance level is "tested" over an extended period of time (touched and bounced off by price), the more significance is given to that specific level
High volume , the more buying and selling that has occurred at a particular price level, the stronger the support or resistance level is likely to be
Market psychology , plays a major role as traders and investors remember the past and react to changing conditions to anticipate future market movement.
Psychological levels , is a price level that significantly affects the price of an underlying financial instrument. Typically, near round numbers often serve as support and resistance
The following support and resistance related topics are beyond the scope of this study, so they will be mentioned roughly only as a reference for support and resistance concept
Trendlines , Support and resistance levels in trends are dynamic. Throughout an uptrend, levels of support tend to look like a trendline, usually clustering around higher lows. As the price rises, the price where buyers consider the stock to be “too cheap” also changes, which creates new support levels on the way up. The same is also true for resistance levels. In an uptrend, a stock is continuously breaking through perceived resistance levels and making new highs
Moving Averages , is a constantly changing line that smooths out past price data while also allowing the trader to identify support and resistance. In the example Notice how the price of the asset finds support at the moving average when the trend is up, and how it acts as resistance when the trend is down
The Fibonacci Retracement/Extension tool , is a favorite among many short-term traders because it clearly identifies levels of potential support and resistance
Pivot Point Calculations , is another common technical analysis technique, where pivot point is calculated based on the high, low, and closing prices of previous trading session/day and support & resistance levels are projected based on the pivot point, different calculation techniques are available, as presented in this example of an pivot point indicator : PVTvX by DGT
█ Tʀᴀᴅɪɴɢ Bᴀꜱᴇᴅ ᴏɴ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ
Once an area or "zone" of support or resistance has been identified, those price levels can serve as potential entry or exit points because, as a price reaches a point of support or resistance, it will do one of two things—bounce back away from the support or resistance level (trading ranges), or violate the price level and continue in its direction (trading breakouts) —until it hits the next support or resistance level
The basic trading method for using support and resistance is to buy near support in uptrends or the parts of ranges or chart patterns where prices are moving up and to sell/sell short near resistance in downtrends or the parts of ranges and chart patterns where prices are moving down. Buying near support or selling near resistance can pay off, but there is no assurance that the support or resistance will hold. Therefore, consider waiting for some confirmation that the market is still respecting that area
Trading breakouts, a breakout is a potential trading opportunity that occurs when an asset's price moves above a resistance level or moves below a support level on increasing volume. The first step in trading breakouts is to identify current price trend patterns along with support and resistance levels in order to plan possible entry and exit points. Once the asset trades beyond the price barrier, volatility tends to increase and prices usually trend in the breakout's direction. Breakouts are such an important trading strategy since these setups are the starting point for future volatility increases, large price swings and, in many circumstances, major price trends. When trading breakouts, it is important to consider the underlying asset's support and resistance levels. The more times an asset price has touched these areas, the more valid these levels are and the more important they become. At the same time, the longer these support and resistance levels have been in play, the better the outcome when the asset price finally breaks out. Asset prices will often move slightly further than we expect them to. This doesn't happen all the time, but when it does it is called a false breakout. Therefore it is important to consider waiting for some confirmation while trading breakouts. It’s also popular for traders to sell 50% of their positions at the resistance level, and hold the rest in anticipation of a breakout above resistance
█ Pʀɪᴄᴇ Aᴄᴛɪᴏɴ - Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ & Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ʙʏ DGT Sᴛᴜᴅʏ
This experimental study attempts to identify the support and resistance levels. Assumes a simple logic to discover moments where the price is rising or falling consecutively for minimum 3 bars with the condition volume increases on each bar and the last bar’s volume should be bigger than the long term volume moving average. A line will be drawn at the end of the move (highest or lowest, depending on the move direction), the line will be drawn at minimum on the 3rd bar and if condition holds for other consecutive bars the line will switch to 4th, 5th etc bar.
Lines will not be deleted so the historical ones will remain and will emphasis the levels significance when they overlap in feature. Strong levels are more likely to hold and cause the price to move in the other direction, whereas the minor levels may only cause the price to pause and keep moving in the same direction. Determining future levels of support and resistance can drastically improve the returns of a short-term investing strategy
Bar colors will be painted based on the volume of the specific bar to its long term volume moving average. This will help identifying the support and resistance levels significance and emphasis the sings of breakouts
Finally, Volume spikes will be marked on top of the price chart. A high volume usually indicates more interest in the security and the presence of institutional traders. However, a rapidly rising price in an uptrend accompanied by a huge volume may be a sign of exhaustion. Traders usually look for breaks of support and resistance to enter positions. When security break critical levels without volume , you should consider the breakout suspect and prime for a reversal off the highs/lows. Volume spikes are often the result of news-driven events. Volume spike will often lead to sharp reversals since the moves are unsustainable due to the imbalance of supply and demand
A good example with many support and resistance concepts observed on a stock chart and detected by the study
Settings:
Length of volume moving average, where volume moving average is used to detect support and resistance levels, is used as reference to compare with threshold values for volume spikes and colors of the bars
Hint, to get more historical lines scrolling chart to left will enable visualization of them. Please note they may appear to much all 500 line limit is used 😉
Special thanks to @HEMANT Telegram user, for his observations and suggestions
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
L2 Candle Pattern ScalperLevel: 2
Background
Japanese candlesticks provide more detailed and accurate information about price movements compared to bar charts. They provide a graphical representation of the supply and demand behind the price promotions for each period. Each candlestick contains a central part that indicates the distance between the opening and closing of the security being traded, the area called the body.
Scalping is a trading strategy that aims to take advantage of minor changes in the stock price. Traders using this strategy place anywhere from 10 to a few hundred trades in a single day with the belief that small moves in the stock price are easier to catch than large ones. Traders who implement this strategy are known as scalpers. Lots of small wins can easily lead to big wins if a strict exit strategy is used to prevent big losses.
Function
L2 Candle Pattern Scalper utilizes candle pattern to decide long and short entry signal. It use inherent candles' relationship nearby to judge the market trend is up or down and decide to long or short.
Signal
buysmall --> long entry
exitred --> short entry
Pros and Cons
Pros:
1. its response is fast because OHLC candle is the raw source of market
2. it is suitable for scalping because it studies nearby candles to judge very short term trend change
Cons:
1. Mid-long term change is missing from this indicator, although I use fast and slow lines to indicate the mid-term trend.
2. No stop loss or take profit scheme is introduced.
Remarks
This is promising but need efforts to refine it.
Readme
In real life, I am a prolific inventor. I have successfully applied for more than 60 international and regional patents in the past 12 years. But in the past two years or so, I have tried to transfer my creativity to the development of trading strategies. Tradingview is the ideal platform for me. I am selecting and contributing some of the hundreds of scripts to publish in Tradingview community. Welcome everyone to interact with me to discuss these interesting pine scripts.
The scripts posted are categorized into 5 levels according to my efforts or manhours put into these works.
Level 1 : interesting script snippets or distinctive improvement from classic indicators or strategy. Level 1 scripts can usually appear in more complex indicators as a function module or element.
Level 2 : composite indicator/strategy. By selecting or combining several independent or dependent functions or sub indicators in proper way, the composite script exhibits a resonance phenomenon which can filter out noise or fake trading signal to enhance trading confidence level.
Level 3 : comprehensive indicator/strategy. They are simple trading systems based on my strategies. They are commonly containing several or all of entry signal, close signal, stop loss, take profit, re-entry, risk management, and position sizing techniques. Even some interesting fundamental and mass psychological aspects are incorporated.
Level 4 : script snippets or functions that do not disclose source code. Interesting element that can reveal market laws and work as raw material for indicators and strategies. If you find Level 1~2 scripts are helpful, Level 4 is a private version that took me far more efforts to develop.
Level 5 : indicator/strategy that do not disclose source code. private version of Level 3 script with my accumulated script processing skills or a large number of custom functions. I had a private function library built in past two years. Level 5 scripts use many of them to achieve private trading strategy.
Neglected Volume by DGTVolume is one piece of information that is often neglected, however, learning to interpret volume brings many advantages and could be of tremendous help when it comes to analyzing the markets. In addition to technicians, fundamental investors also take notice of the numbers of shares traded for a given security.
What is Volume?
The volume represents all the recorded trades for a security that occurs in a given time interval. It is a measurement of the participation, enthusiasm, and interest in a given security. Think of volume as the force that drives the market. Volume substantiates, energizes, and empowers price. When volume increases, it confirms price direction; when volume decreases, it contradicts price direction.
In theory, increases in volume generally precede significant price movements. However, If the price is rising in an uptrend but the volume is reducing or unchanged, it may show that there’s little interest in the security, and the price may reverse.
A high volume usually indicates more interest in the security and the presence of institutional traders. However, a rapidly rising price in an uptrend accompanied by a huge volume may be a sign of exhaustion.
Traders usually look for breaks of support and resistance to enter positions. When security break critical levels without volume, you should consider the breakout suspect and prime for a reversal off the highs/lows
Volume spikes are often the result of news-driven events. Volume spike will often lead to sharp reversals since the moves are unsustainable due to the imbalance of supply and demand
note : there’s no centralized exchange where trades are recorded, so the volume data represents what happens at a particular exchange only
In most charting platforms, the volume indicator is presented as color-coded bars, green if the security closes up and red if the security closed lower, where the height of the bars show the amount of the recorded trades
Within this study, Relative Volume , Volume Weighted Bars and Volume Moving Average are presented, where Relative Volume relates current trading volume to past trading volume over long period, Volume Weighted Bars presents price bars colored based on short period past trading volume average, and Volume Moving Average is average of volume over shot period
Relative Volume is presented as color-coded bars similar to regular Volume indicator but uses four color codes instead two. Notable increases of volume are presented in green and red while average values with back and gray, hence adding ability to emphasis notable increases in the volume. It is kind of a like a radar for how "in-play" a security is. Users are allowed to change the threshold, default value is set to Fibonacci golden ration standard deviation away from its moving average.
Volume Weighted Bars, a study of Kıvanç Özbilgiç, aims to present if price movements are supported by Volume. Volume Weighted Bars are calculated based on shot period volume moving average which will reflect more recent changes in volume. Price actions with high volume will be displayed with darker colors, average volume values will remain as they are and low volume values will be indicated with lighter colors.
Volume Moving Average, Is short period volume moving average, aims to display visually the volume changes. Please not that Relative Volume bars are calculated based on standard deviation of long volume moving average.
What Else?
Apart from the volume itself, your ability to assess what volume is telling you in conjunction with price action can be a key factor in your ability to turn a profit in the market. It makes little sense to analyze the volume alone. To correctly interpret the volume data, it shall be seen in the light of what the price is doing. there are a lot of other indicators that are based on the volume data as well as price action. Analysing those volume indicators has always helped traders and investors to better understand what is happening in the market.
Here are the ones adapted with this study. Some of them used as a source for our aim, some adapted as they are with slight changes to fit visually to this study and please note that the numerical presentation may differ from their regular use
• On Balance Volume
• Divergence Indicator
• Correlation Coefficient
• Chaikin Money Flow
Shortly;
On Balance Volume
The On Balance Volume indicator, is a technical analysis indicator that relates volume flow to changes in a security’s price. It uses a cumulative total of positive and negative trading volume to predict the direction of price. The OBV is a volume-based momentum oscillator, so it is a leading indicator — it changes direction before the price
Granville, creator of OBV, proposed the theory that changes in volume precede price movements in a measurable way. He believed that volume was the main force behind major market moves and thought of OBV’s prediction of price changes as a compressed spring that expands rapidly when released.
It is believed that the OBV shows the interactions between the institutional and retail traders in the market
If the price makes a new high, the OBV should also make a new high. If the OBV makes a lower high when the price makes a higher high, there’s a classical bearish divergence — indicating that only the retail traders are buying. Another type of bearish divergence occurs when the price remains relatively quiet and fails to make a higher high but the OBV soars higher than the previous high — indicating that the institutional traders are accumulating short positions. On the other hand, if the price makes a lower low and the OBV makes a higher low, there is a classical bullish divergence, showing that the institutional traders don’t believe in that move
With this study, Momentum and Acceleration (optional) of OBV is calculated and presented, where momentum is most commonly referred to as a rate and measures the acceleration of the price and/or volume of a security. It is also referred to as a technical analysis indicator and oscillator that is able to determine market trends.
Additionally, smoothing functionality with Least Squares Method is added
Divergences especially, should always be noted as a possible reversal in the current trend, so the divergence indicator is adapted with this study where the Momentum of OBV is assumed as Oscillator with similar usages as to RSI. Divergence is most often used to track and analyze the momentum in an asset’s price and the odds of a price reversal within the current trend. The divergence indicator warns traders and technical analysts of changes in a price/volume trend, oftentimes that it is weakening or changing direction.
Correlation Coefficient
The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between the relative movements of two variables. A correlation of -1.0 shows a perfect negative correlation, while a correlation of 1.0 shows a perfect positive correlation. A correlation of 0.0 shows no linear relationship between the movement of the two variables. In other words, the closer the Correlation Coefficient is to 1.0, indicates the instruments will move up and down together as it is mostly expected with volume and price. So the Correlation Coefficient Indicator aims to display when the price and volume (on balance volume) is in correlation and when not. With this study blue represent positive correlation while orange negative correlation. The strength of the correlation is determined by the width of the bands, to emphasis the effect horizontal lines are drawn with values set to 0.5 and -0.5. the values above 0.5 (or below -0.5) shows stronger correlation.
Chaikin Money Flow , provide optionally as a companion indicator
The Chaikin money flow indicator (CMF) is a volume indicator that measures the money flow volume over a chosen period. The money flow volume is a measure of the volume and where the price closed relative to the trading session’s range. It comes from the idea that buying pressure is indicated by a rising volume and recurrent closes in the upper part of the session’s price range while selling pressure is demonstrated by an increasing volume and repeated closes in the lower part of the price range.
Both buying and selling pressures are accompanied by an increase in volume, but the location of the closing prices are in accordance with the direction of price
Special thanks to @InvestCHK and @hjsjshs , who have enormously contributed while preparing this study
related studies:
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
Derivative Pivot HL Points Hello.
This script aims to take into account mutable variable Pivot Points' periods.
While doing this, it takes the period between 2 signals that I use in the script:
And these periods in my Pivot HL function integrated into len length (Mutable variables) :
The cornerstone of the script is these facts.
Pivot can be optimized by playing with reversal periods.
These pre-formed levels can be used as Supply and Demand levels.
Regards.
MACD-X, More Than MACD by DGTMoving Average Convergence Divergence – MACD
The most popular indicator used in technical analysis, the moving average convergence divergence (MACD), created by Gerald Appel. MACD is a trend-following momentum indicator, designed to reveal changes in the strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend in a financial instrument’s price
Historical evolution of MACD,
- Gerald Appel created the MACD line,
- Thomas Aspray added the histogram feature to MACD
- Giorgos E. Siligardos created a leader of MACD
MACD employs two Moving Averages of varying lengths (which are lagging indicators) to identify trend direction and duration. Then, MACD takes the difference in values between those two Moving Averages (MACD Line) and an EMA of those Moving Averages (Signal Line) and plots that difference between the two lines as a histogram which oscillates above and below a center Zero Line. The histogram is used as a good indication of a security's momentum.
Mathematically expressed as;
macd = ma(source, fast_length) – ma(source, slow_length)
signal = ma(macd, signal_length)
histogram = macd – signal
where exponential moving average (ema) is in common use as a moving average (ma)
fast_length = 12
slow_length = 26
signal_length = 9
The MACD indicator is typically good for identifying three types of basic signals ;
Signal Line Crossovers
A Signal Line Crossover is the most common signal produced by the MACD. On the occasions where the MACD Line crosses above or below the Signal Line, that can signify a potentially strong move. The standard interpretation of such an event is a recommendation to buy if the MACD line crosses up through the Signal Line (a "bullish" crossover), or to sell if it crosses down through the Signal Line (a "bearish" crossover). These events are taken as indications that the trend in the financial instrument is about to accelerate in the direction of the crossover.
Zero Line Crossovers
Zero Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crossed the Zero Line and either becomes positive (above 0) or negative (below 0). A change from positive to negative MACD is interpreted as "bearish", and from negative to positive as "bullish". Zero crossovers provide evidence of a change in the direction of a trend but less confirmation of its momentum than a signal line crossover
Divergence
Divergence is another signal created by the MACD. Simply, divergence occurs when the MACD and actual price are not in agreement. A "positive divergence" or "bullish divergence" occurs when the price makes a new low but the MACD does not confirm with a new low of its own. A "negative divergence" or "bearish divergence" occurs when the price makes a new high but the MACD does not confirm with a new high of its own. A divergence with respect to price may occur on the MACD line and/or the MACD Histogram
Moving Average Crossovers , another hidden signal that MACD Indicator identifies
Many traders will watch for a short-term moving average to cross above a longer-term moving average and use this to signal increasing upward momentum. This bullish crossover suggests that the price has recently been rising at a faster rate than it has in the past, so it is a common technical buy sign. Conversely, a short-term moving average crossing below a longer-term average is used to illustrate that the asset's price has been moving downward at a faster rate and that it may be a good time to sell.
Moving Average Crossovers in reality is Zero Line Crossovers, the value of the MACD indicator is equal to zero each time the two moving averages cross over each other. For easy interpretation by trades, Zero Line Crossovers are simply described as positive or negative MACD
False signals
Like any forecasting algorithm, the MACD can generate false signals. A false positive, for example, would be a bullish crossover followed by a sudden decline in a financial instrument. A false negative would be a situation where there is bearish crossover, yet the financial instrument accelerated suddenly upwards
What is “MACD-X” and Why it is “More Than MACD”
In its simples form, MACD-X implements variety of different calculation techniques applied to obtain MACD Line, ability to use of variety of different sources , including Volume related sources, and can be plotted along with MACD in the same window and all those features are available and presented within a single indicator, MACD-X
Different calculation techniques lead to different values for MACD Line, as will further discuss below, and as a consequence the signal line and the histogram values will differentiate accordingly. Mathematical calculation of both signal line and the histogram remain the same.
Main features of MACD-X ;
1- Introduces different proven techniques applied on MACD calculation , such as MACD-Histogram, MACD-Leader and MACD-Source, besides the traditional MACD (MACD-TRADITIONAL)
• MACD-Traditional , by Gerald Appel
It is the MACD that we know, stated as traditional just to avoid confusion with other techniques used with this study
• MACD-Histogram , by Thomas Aspray
The MACD-Histogram measures the distance between MACD and its signal line (the 9-day EMA of MACD). Aspray developed the MACD-Histogram to anticipate signal line crossovers in MACD. Because MACD uses moving averages and moving averages lag price, signal line crossovers can come late and affect the reward-to-risk ratio of a trade. Bullish or bearish divergences in the MACD-Histogram can alert chartists to an imminent signal line crossover in MACD
The MACD-Histogram represents the difference between MACD and its 9-day EMA, the signal line. Mathematically,
macdx = macd - ma(macd, signal_length)
Aspray's contribution served as a way to anticipate (and therefore cut down on lag) possible MACD crossovers which are a fundamental part of the indicator.
Here come a question, what if repeat the same calculations once more (macdh2 = macdh - ma(macdh, signal_length), will it be even better, this question will remain to be tested
• MACD-Leader , by Giorgos E. Siligardos, PhD
MACD Leader has the ability to lead MACD at critical situations. Almost all smoothing methods encounter in technical analysis are based on a relative-weighted sum of past prices, and the Leader is no exception. The concealed weights of MACD Leader are such that more relative weight is used in the more recent prices than the respective weights used by the components of MACD. In effect, the Leader expresses more changes in average price dynamics for the recent price movement than MACD, thus eventually leading MACD, especially when significant trend changes are about to take place.
Siligardos creates two less-laggard moving averages indicators in its formula using the same periods as follows
Indicator1 = ma(source, fast_length) + ma(source - ma(source, fast_length), fast_length)
Indicator2 = ma(source, slow_length) + ma(source - ma(source, slow_length), slow_length)
and then take the difference:
Indicator1 - Indicator2
The result is a new MACD Leader indicator
macdx = macd + ma(source - fast_ma, fast_length) - ma(source - slow_ma, slow_length)
• MACD-Source , a custom experimental interpretation of mine ,
MACD Source, presents an application of MACD that evaluates Source/MA Ratio, relatively with less lag, as a basis for MACD Line, also can be expressed as source convergence/divergence to its moving average. Among the various techniques for removing the lag between price and moving average (MA) of the price, one in particular stands out: the addition to the moving average of a portion of the difference between the price and MA. MACD Source, is based on signal length mean of the difference between Source and average value of shot length and long length moving average of the source (Source/MA Ratio), where the source is actual value and hence no lag and relatively less lag with the average value of moving average of the source . Mathematically expressed as,
macdx = ma(source - avg( ma(source, fast_length), ma(source, slow_length) ), signal_length)
MACD Source provides relatively early crossovers comparing to MACD and better momentum direction indications, assuming the lengths are set to same values
For further details, you are invited to check the following two studies, where the first seeds were sown of the MACD-Source idea
Price Distance to its Moving Averages study, adapts the idea of “Prices high above the moving average (MA) or low below it are likely to be remedied in the future by a reverse price movement", presented in an article by Denis Alajbeg, Zoran Bubas and Dina Vasic published in International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management
First MACD like interpretation comes with the second study named as “ P-MACD ”, where P stands for price, P-MACD study attempts to display relationship between Price and its 20 and 200-period moving average. Calculations with P-MACD were based on price distance (convergence/divergence) to its 200-period moving average, and moving average convergence/divergence of 20-period moving average to 200-period moving average of price.
Now as explained above, MACD Source is a one adapted with traditional MACD, where Source stands for Price, Volume Indicator etc, any source applicable with MACD concept
2- Allows usage of variety of different sources, including Volume related indicators
The most common usage of Source for MACD calculation is close value of the financial instruments price. As an experimental approach, this study will allow source to be selected as one of the following series;
• Current Close Price (close)
• Average of High, Low, and Close Price (hlc3)
• On Balance Volume (obv)
• Accumulation Distribution (accdist)
• Price Volume Trend (pvt)
Where,
-Current Close Price and Average of High, Low, and Close Price are price actions of the financial instrument
- Accumulation Distribution is a volume based indicator designed to measure underlying supply and demand
- On Balance Volume (OBV) , is a momentum indicator that measures positive and negative volume flow
- Price Volume Trend (PVT) is a momentum based indicator used to measure money flow
3- Can be plotted along with MACD in the same window using the same scaling
Default setting of MACD-X will display MACD-Source with Current Close Price as a source and traditional MACD can be plotted eighter as a companion of MACD-X or can be selected to be plotted alone.
Applying both will add ability to compare, or use as a confirmation of one other
In case, traditional MACD Is plotted along with MACD-X to avoid misinterpreting, the lines plotted, the area between MACD-X Line and Signal-X Line is highlighted automatically, even if the highlight option not selected. Otherwise highlight will be applied only if that option selected
4- 4C Histogram
Histogram is plotted with four colors to emphasize the momentum and direction
5- Customizable
Additional to ability of selecting Calculation Method, Source, plotting along with MACD, there are few other option that allows users to customize the MACD-X indicator
Lengths are configurable, default values are set as 12, 26, 9 respectively for fast, slow and smoothing length. Setting lengths to 8,21,5 respectively Is worth checking, slower length moving averages will lead to less lag and earlier reaction to price actions but yet requires a caution and back testing before applying
Highlight the area between MACD-X Line and Signal-X Line, with colors emphasising the direction
Label can be added to display Calculation Method, Source and Length settings, the aim of this label is to server only as a reminder to trades to be aware of settings while they are occupied with charts, analysis etc.
Here comes another question, which is of more importance having the reminder or having the indicators with multi timeframe feature? Build-in Multi Time Frame features of Pine is not supported when labels and lines introduced in the script, there are other methods but brings complexity. To be studied further, this version will be with labels for time being.
Epilogue
MACD-X is an alternative variant of MACD, the insight/signals provided by MACD are also applicable to MACD-X with early and clear warnings for the changes in the trend.
If MACD is essential to your analysis, then it is my guess that after using the MACD-X for a while and familiarizing yourself with its unique character and personality, you will make it an inseparable companion to other indicators in your charts.
The various signals generated by MACD/MACD-X are easily interpreted and very few indicators in technical analysis have proved to be more reliable than the MACD, and this relatively simple indicator can quickly be incorporated into any short-term trading strategy
Disclaimer : Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitutes professional and/or financial advice. You alone the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
